In its original American
Posted: Tue Dec 17, 2024 4:20 am
Complex cells reduce Müller-Lyer illusion errors in a model of the ventral visual stream
by Zeman, A., Obst, O., & Brooks, K.R. (2014). Forward. Comput. Neuroscience. 8:112. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2014.00112
Visual illusions are sensory perceptions that cannot be fully explained by the observed image, but rather arise from the inner workings of the visual system. In them, we perceive something that is not physically present in the image, and they are of interest to neuroscientists because they reveal visual processing that we are not normally aware germany email list of. For example, the illusion of simultaneous contrast allows us to appreciate that we do not perceive luminance in absolute values and that, instead, the visual system calculates the luminance of an object in relation to its surroundings (Figure 1A).FIGURE
Figure 1 (A) In the simultaneous contrast illusion, the uniformly gray central bar appears brighter on the right when surrounded by a dark background. (B) In the classic form of the Müller-Lyer illusion, the horizontal line with arrowheads appears shorter than the horizontal line with arrowheads. (C) The illusion is also present without the horizontal lines. (D) Note that the illusion is not present when the viewer scans local features, for example, by determining whether the vertices are vertically aligned. The vertices can be seen to be vertically aligned (B), even though this perception contradicts the illusory effect of horizontal lines having different lengths. (E) The adjacent version of the illusion (depicted below) is hidden within a background of lines. The Müller-Lyer figure appears against the background when both images are merged by decreasing the vergence of the eyes, i.e., as if focusing on an object behind the image plane. (F) The low-level explanation claims that the illusion arises from the low-pass properties of the central surround (top panel) and simple cells (bottom panel) at earlier stages of visual processing. This hypothesis was not favored by the results of Zeman and colleagues. (G) The “woodpeckers’ world” explanation states that the arrowheads and tails indicate that the lines are corners at different depths and that the visual system calculates the size of the lines taking this into account. The red lines are of the same length.
by Zeman, A., Obst, O., & Brooks, K.R. (2014). Forward. Comput. Neuroscience. 8:112. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2014.00112
Visual illusions are sensory perceptions that cannot be fully explained by the observed image, but rather arise from the inner workings of the visual system. In them, we perceive something that is not physically present in the image, and they are of interest to neuroscientists because they reveal visual processing that we are not normally aware germany email list of. For example, the illusion of simultaneous contrast allows us to appreciate that we do not perceive luminance in absolute values and that, instead, the visual system calculates the luminance of an object in relation to its surroundings (Figure 1A).FIGURE
Figure 1 (A) In the simultaneous contrast illusion, the uniformly gray central bar appears brighter on the right when surrounded by a dark background. (B) In the classic form of the Müller-Lyer illusion, the horizontal line with arrowheads appears shorter than the horizontal line with arrowheads. (C) The illusion is also present without the horizontal lines. (D) Note that the illusion is not present when the viewer scans local features, for example, by determining whether the vertices are vertically aligned. The vertices can be seen to be vertically aligned (B), even though this perception contradicts the illusory effect of horizontal lines having different lengths. (E) The adjacent version of the illusion (depicted below) is hidden within a background of lines. The Müller-Lyer figure appears against the background when both images are merged by decreasing the vergence of the eyes, i.e., as if focusing on an object behind the image plane. (F) The low-level explanation claims that the illusion arises from the low-pass properties of the central surround (top panel) and simple cells (bottom panel) at earlier stages of visual processing. This hypothesis was not favored by the results of Zeman and colleagues. (G) The “woodpeckers’ world” explanation states that the arrowheads and tails indicate that the lines are corners at different depths and that the visual system calculates the size of the lines taking this into account. The red lines are of the same length.